All the questions have been directly picked from Carranza 11th edition
1. The effect of occlusal forces on the periodontium is influenced by the
a.
Magnitude and Direction
b.
Duration
c.
frequency of the forces
d.
all of the above
ans: D
2.
The most dangerous type of force to the
periodontium is
a.
Vertical force
b.
Occlusal force
c.
Jiggling force
d.
Horizontal force
Ans: C
Hint: Lateral (horizontal) and torque
(rotational) forces are more likely to injure the periodontium. But the most
dangerous is the Jiggling force.
3.
When occlusal forces is very high but is
within the range of adaptive capacity of the periodontal tissues,
a.
Trauma from occlusion results
b.
Occlusal trauma results
c.
Widening of periodontal ligament occurs
d.
Periodontal necrosis occurs
Ans: C
Hint:
·
When occlusal forces exceed the adaptive
capacity of the tissues, tissue injury results.
·
The resultant injury is termed trauma from
occlusion, also known as traumatism or occlusal trauma.
4.
When trauma from occlusion is the result
of reduced ability of the tissues to resist the occlusal forces, it is known as
a.
Acute trauma from occlusion
b.
Chronic trauma from occlusion
c.
Primary trauma from occlusion
d.
Secondary trauma from occlusion
Ans: D
Hint:
·
When trauma from occlusion is the result of
alterations in occlusal forces, it is called primary trauma from occlusion.
·
When it results from reduced ability of the
tissues to resist the occlusal forces, it is known as secondary trauma from
occlusion.
5.
TFO associated with parafunctional habits
are most likely to be
a.
Acute trauma from occlusion
b.
Chronic trauma from occlusion
c.
Primary trauma from occlusion
d.
Secondary trauma from occlusion
Ans: B
Hint:
It most often develops from gradual changes in occlusion
produced by tooth wear, drifting movement, and extrusion of teeth, combined
with parafunctional habits, such as bruxism and clenching, rather than as a
sequela of acute periodontal trauma.
6.
Lipping is seen in which stage of TFO?
a.
Stage of injury
b.
Stage of repair
c.
Stage of adaptive remodeling
d.
All stages show lipping
Ans: B
Hint:
·
When bone is resorbed by excessive occlusal
forces, the body attempts to reinforce the thinned bony trabeculae with new
bone. This attempt to compensate for lost bone is called buttressing bone
formation.
·
It may be central or peripheral buttressing bone
formation
·
In central buttressing the endosteal cells
deposit new bone, which restores the bony trabeculae and reduces the size of
the marrow spaces.
·
Peripheral buttressing occurs on the facial and
lingual surfaces of the alveolar plate.
·
Depending on its severity, peripheral
buttressing may produce a shelflike thickening of the alveolar margin, referred
to as lipping
7.
Not a feature of TFO
a.
Angular bone loss
b.
Funnel shaped widening of the ligament
c.
Absence of tooth mobility
d.
Absence of pocket formation
Ans: C
Hint: Adaptive
remodelling
·
If the repair process cannot keep pace with the
destruction caused by the occlusion, the periodontium is remodeled in an effort
to create a structural relationship in which the forces are no longer injurious
to the tissues.
·
This results in a widened periodontal ligament,
which is funnel shaped at the crest, and angular defects in the bone, with no
pocket formation.
·
The involved teeth become loose
·
Increased vascularization has also been reported.
8.
Repair phase of trauma from occlusion
shows
a.
increase in areas of resorption and a decrease
in bone formation
b.
decreased resorption and increased bone
formation
c.
resorption and formation are balanced
d.
shows inconsistent pattern of resorption and
formation.
Ans: B
Hint:
·
The injury phase shows an increase in areas of
resorption and a decrease in bone formation, whereas the repair phase
demonstrates decreased resorption and increased bone formation.
·
After adaptive remodeling of the periodontium,
resorption and formation return to normal.
9.
Insufficient occlusal force may cause
a.
osteoporosis of the alveolar bone
b.
reduction in bone height
c.
thinning of the periodontal ligament with
atrophy of the fibers
d.
all of the above
ans: D
Hint:
·
Insufficient stimulation causes thinning of the
periodontal ligament, atrophy of the fibers, osteoporosis of the alveolar bone,
and reduction in bone height.
·
Hypofunction can result from an open-bite
relationship, an absence of functional antagonists, or unilateral chewing
habits that neglect one side of the mouth.
10. The
most common clinical sign of trauma to the periodontium is
a.
Increased pocket depth
b.
Bleeding on probing
c.
Increased tooth mobility
d.
Edema of the gingiva
Ans: C
Hint:
·
In the injury stage of trauma from occlusion,
destruction of periodontal fibers occurs, which increases tooth mobility.
·
In the final stage the accommodation of the
periodontium to increased forces entails a widening of the periodontal
ligament, which also leads to increased tooth mobility.
11. All are signs
of periodontal trauma except
a. Pain
b. Mobility
c. Hypersensitivity
d. Bleeding
Ans: d Bleeding
12. Mobility of
teeth due to occlusal trauma can be tested by
a. Percussion of tooth
b. Digital palpation
c. Shimmock paper
d. Bite marking paper
Ans: b Digital palpation
Hint: Done through Fremitus test
13. The load on
the tooth that is most destructive to the periodontium
a. Vertical
b. Oblique
c. Horizontal
d. Apical
Ans: C Horizontal
Hint: Lateral or horizontal and rotational or
torque forces injure the periodontium.
14. Tissue
changes occurring in teeth no longer in function
a. Widening of PDL
b. Increased trabeculation
c. Cemental atrophy
d. All
Ans: c Cemental atrophy
Hint: A and B indicate teeth in excessive
function
15. In ‘’Jiggling
‘’type of trauma , the occlusal force causes
a. funnel shaped destruction of the socket
wall
b. distinct pressure and tension sides
within the periodontal ligament
c. No change in the socket wall
d. Has no effect on periodontal ligament
space
Ans: a funnel shaped destruction of the socket wall.
16. Which of the
following is early effect of primary trauma form occlusion
a. Vertical pockets
b. Generalised alveolar bone loss
c Undermining resorption
d. haemorrhage and thrombosis of blood
vessels of PDL
Ans: d Haemorrhage and thrombosis of blood vessels
of PDL
17. Signs of TFO
are all except
a. Mobility of tooth
b. loss of attachment and pocket formation
c. Widening of PDL
d. Migration of teeth
Ans; b Loss of attachment and pocket formation
18. TFO doesn’t
affect
a. Alveolar
bone and enamel
b. Cementum
and enamel
c. Gingiva and epithelial attachment
d. PDL and cementum
Ans: c Gingiva and epithelial attachment
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