All the questions have been directly picked from Carranza 11th edition
1. Periodontitis fall under which stage of gingival inflammation
a.
Stage I gingivitis: the initial lesion
b.
Stage II gingivitis: the early lesion
c.
Stage III gingivitis: the established
lesion
d.
Stage IV gingivitis: the advanced lesion
Ans: D
2.
The initial lesion of gingivitis
a.
focused on acute inflammation
b.
accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes
c.
seen as early as 2 days after plaque accumulates
d.
all of the above
ans: D
3.
The predominant cells in early lesions
are
a.
PMNs
b.
B-Lymphocytes
c.
Plasma cells
d.
T-lymphocytes
Ans: B
4.
Gingival fluid flow and the numbers of
transmigrating leukocytes reach their maximum between
a.
2-3 days after the onset of clinical gingivitis
b.
4-6 days after the onset of clinical gingivitis
c.
6-12 days after the onset of clinical gingivitis
d.
Before the onset of clinical gingivitis
Ans: C
5.
Rete-pegs in junctional epithelium
a.
Present in case of inflammation only
b.
Present in the absence of inflammation only
c.
Present throughout regardless of the
inflammation
d.
Never present whether the tissue is inflamed or
normal
Ans: A
The junctional epithelium may begin to show development of
rete pegs or ridges in the early lesion.
6.
The B cells found in the established
lesion are predominantly of the immunoglobulin
a.
G2 (IgG2) and G3 (IgG3) subclasses
b.
G1 (IgG1) and G2 (IgG2) subclasses
c.
G1 (IgG1) and G3 (IgG3) subclasses
d.
G1 (IgG1) and G4 (IgG4) subclasses
Ans: G1 (IgG1) and G3 (IgG3) subclasses
7.
Localized gingival anoxemia is seen in
a.
Stage I gingivitis: the initial lesion
b.
Stage II gingivitis: the early lesion
c.
Stage III gingivitis: the established
lesion
d.
Stage IV gingivitis: the advanced lesion
Ans: C
·
Stage III corresponds to chronic gingivitis.
·
In chronic gingivitis, which occurs 2 to 3 weeks
after the beginning of plaque accumulation, the blood vessels become engorged
and congested, venous return is impaired, and the blood flow becomes sluggish.
·
The result is localized gingival anoxemia, which
superimposes a somewhat bluish hue on the reddened gingiva
8.
Untrue about established lesions
a.
May remain stable and do not progress for months
or years
b.
May become more active and convert to
progressively destructive lesions
c.
Reversible
d.
All of them are true
Ans: D
Established lesions of
two types appear to exist;
·
some remain stable and do not progress for
months or years, and
·
others seem to become more active and to convert
to progressively destructive lesions.
·
Also, the established lesions appear to be
reversible in that the sequence of events occurring in the tissues as a result
of successful periodontal therapy seems to be essentially the reverse of the
sequence of events observed as gingivitis develops.
9.
In advanced lesion or phase of
periodontal breakdown,
a.
Plasma cell predominates both connective tissue
and junctional epithelium
b.
Neutrophil predominates both connective tissue
and junctional epithelium
c.
plasma cell predominates connective tissue and
neutrophils dominate the junctional epithelium
d.
Neutrophil predominates connective tissue and
plasma cells dominate the junctional epithelium.
Ans: C
10. Not
a feature of Gingivitis:
a.
sponginess of the gingival tissue
b.
changes in contour
c.
bleeding on provocation
d.
radiographic evidence of crestal bone loss
ans: D
11. earliest
clinical sign of gingivitis
a.
decreased GCF flow
b.
color change
c.
bleeding on probing
d.
loss of stippling
ans: C
12. Gingivitis
that involves the gingival margin of upper right canine and include a portion
of the contiguous attached gingiva is
a.
Papillary gingivitis
b.
Diffuse gingivitis
c.
Marginal gingivitis
d.
Generalized marginal gingivitis
Ans: C
·
Marginal gingivitis involves the gingival margin
and may include a portion of the contiguous attached gingiva.
·
Papillary gingivitis involves the interdental
papillae and often extends into the adjacent portion of the gingival margin.
·
Papillae are involved more frequently than the
gingival margin, and the earliest signs
of gingivitis often occur in the papillae.
·
Diffuse gingivitis affects the gingival margin,
the attached gingiva, and the interdental papillae.
13. If
a patient quits smoking, bleeding on probing
a.
Increases
b.
Decreases
c.
Remains the same
d.
No relation between bleeding on probing and
smoking
Ans: A
·
Cigarette smoking suppresses the gingival
inflammatory response, and gingival bleeding on probing
·
Hence, there is an increase in gingival bleeding
on probing in patients who quit smoking
·
Thus people who are committed to a smoking
cessation program should be informed about the possibility of an increase in
gingival bleeding associated with smoking cessation.
14. The
cellular infiltrate of sites that bleed on probing predominantly is
a.
Neutrophils
b.
Macrophage
c.
Lymphocyte
d.
Basophils
Ans: C
·
Bleeding on probing is a characteristic of stage
II, or early gingivitis.
15. Bleeding
in probing is due to
a.
Thinning of epithelium
b.
Atrophy of the epithelium
c.
Engorged and dilated capillaries
d.
All of them
Ans: D
16. Not
a sign of gingivitis
a.
Increased pocket depth
b.
Loss of attachment
c.
Spontaneous bleeding from gums
d.
Increased gingival crevicular fluid flow
Ans: B
17. The
color of the gingiva is determined by all except
a.
Number and size of blood vessels
b.
Epithelial thickness
c.
Quantity of keratinization
d.
Presence of inflammatory cells
Ans: D
·
The color of the gingiva is determined by
several factors, including the number and size of blood vessels, epithelial
thickness, quantity of keratinization, and pigments within the epithelium.
18. Disease
that increase melanin pigmentation include all except
a.
Cushing syndrome
b.
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
c.
von Recklinghausen's disease
d.
Albright's syndrome
Ans: A
·
Diseases that increase melanin pigmentation
include the following:
•
Addison's
disease is caused by adrenal dysfunction and produces isolated patches of
discoloration varying from bluish black to brown.
•
Peutz-Jeghers
syndrome produces intestinal polyposis and melanin pigmentation in the oral
mucosa and lips.
•
Albright's
syndrome (polyostotic fibrous dysplasia) and von Recklinghausen's disease (neurofibromatosis) produce areas of
oral melanin pigmentation.
19. Normal
consistency of the gingiva is
a.
Firm and leathery
b.
Firm
c.
Soft and edematous
d.
firm and nodular
Ans: B
·
Firm, leathery consistency is associated with
Fibrosis and epithelial proliferation associated with long-standing chronic
inflammation.
·
Smooth surface texture may be seen in
•
chronic inflammation
•
epithelial atrophy in atrophic gingivitis
•
peeling of the surface occurs in chronic
desquamative gingivitis
·
Hyperkeratosis results in a leathery texture
·
Drug-induced gingival overgrowth produces a
nodular surface.
20. Gingival
ablation corresponds to
a.
faulty toothbrushing technique
b.
friction from soft tissues
c.
abnormal frenum attachment
d.
iatrogenic dentistry
ans: B
The following etiologic factors have been implicated in
gingival recession:
•
faulty toothbrushing technique (gingival
abrasion),
•
tooth malposition
•
friction from soft tissues (gingival ablation)
•
gingival inflammation
•
abnormal frenum attachment
•
iatrogenic dentistry
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