Gingiva and the Periodontium

 All the questions have been directly picked from Carranza 11th edition



 1.      Which of the following is stippled?

a)      Marginal gingiva

b)      Attached gingiva

c)      Marginal borders of the interdental papillae

d)      Both b and c

Ans: b.             Attached gingiva         ( Carranza 11th ed, page 26)


Hint: Stippling is absent in infants and old aged people. Only the central core of interdental gingiva and the attached gingiva has stippling.


2. Masticatory mucosa is present in

a)      gingiva                                                                                    

b)      Covering of hard palate

c)      dorsum of tongue                                                                            

d)      Both a and b

Ans: d Both a and b(Carranza 11th ed page-12)

Hint: Specialized mucosa is present in dorsum of tongue


3. Histological depth of gingival sulcus is

a.0mm                                                                                         b.1.8mm

c.2-3mm                                                                                       d. None

Ans: b.1.8mm(Carranza 11th ed page-13)

Ideal depth of gingival sulcus-0mm (in germ free animal)

Probing depth (2-3mm)

 

4. Interdental col is prone to inflammation because

a. epithelium is non keratinised                                                 b. Plaque accumulates

c.is difficult to clean                                                                        d. All

Ans;a. epithelium is non keratinised(Carranza 11th ed page-14)

 

Hint:  Lining of interdental col is derived from non-keratinised reduced enamel epithelium  

 

5. The temperature receptors of gingiva are

a. Argyrophilic fibers

b.Meissner type corpuscles

c.Kause type end bulbs

d.All of the above

Ans: c Kause type end bulbs ( page 25)

Hint: The following nerve structures are present in the connective tissue: a meshwork of terminal argyrophilic fibers, some of which extend into the epithelium; Meissner-type tactile corpuscles; Krause-type end bulbs, which are temperature receptors; and encapsulated spindles.


6. Melanin pigmentation of gingiva starts appearing

a. In first trimester

b. In second trimester

c. in third trimester

d. after birth

Ans: d Afterbirth ((Carranza 11th ed page 25)

It may appear in the gingiva as early as 3 hours after birth and often is the only evidence of pigmentation

 

7. Clinically mucogingival junction in palatal mucosa is

a. scalloped                                                                                  b. Straight line

c. Not visible                                                                                 d. Not present anatomically also

Ans: c Not visible  (page 14)

Hint:  The palatal surface of the attached gingiva in the maxilla blends imperceptibly with the equally firm and resilient palatal mucosa.

Mucogingival junction is not visible on the palatal gingiva because both hard palate and maxillary alveolar process are covered by same type of masticatory mucosa.

 

8. The attached gingiva is attached to

a. Root

b. Periosteum

c. both of above

d. It is a misnomer as it has no attachment.

Ans: b. periosteum ( page 13)

Hint: It is firm, resilient, and tightly bound to the underlying periosteum of alveolar bone

 

9. Internal basal lamina of junctional epithelium has

a)      type IV collagen

b)      type VI collagen

c)      type VIII collagen

d)      type I collagen

ans: C    type VIII collagen ( page 20)

Hint: Data also have shown that the basal lamina of the junctional epithelium resembles that of endothelial and epithelial cells in its laminin content but differs in its internal basal lamina, which has no type IV collagen.

 

10. Odland bodies are absent in

a)      stratum spinosum

b)      junctional epithelium

c)      orthokeratinization

d)      parakeratinizatiion

ans: B  (Carranza 11th ed page-16)

 

Hint: in junctional epithelium, Lysosome-like bodies also are present, but the absence of keratinosomes (Odland bodies) and histochemically demonstrable acid phosphatase, correlated with the low degree of differentiation, may reflect a low defense power against microbial plaque accumulation in the gingival sulcus.

 

11. which of the following is not a clear cell?

a)      Keratinocyte

b)      Merkel cell

c)      Langerhan cells

d)      Melanocytes

Ans: A (page 15)

 

12. lamina densa is composed of

a)      Type I Collagen

b)      Type IV Collagen

c)      Type III Collagen

d)      Type VII Collagen

Ans: B ( page 17)


13. First group of fibres to be destroyed allowing the junctional epithelium to migrate apically

a. Transseptal fibres                                                                        b. Dentogingival fibres

c. Oblique fibres                                                                              d. Circular fibres

Ans: b Dentogingival fibres (page 22)

Hint: Beginning of periodontitis and pocket formation takes place by destruction of fibres of dentogingival group.

 

14. Rolling technique is used to locate the

a. Marginal gingiva                                                                           b. Interdental papilla

c. Attached gingiva                                                                             d. Mucogingival junction

Ans: d Mucogingival junction (page )

Hint: It is done by pushing the adjacent mucosa coronally with a dull instrument.

 

15. .Least width of attached gingiva is found on facial aspect of

a. First premolar                                                                              b. Second premolar

c. Lateral incisor                                                                              d. Canine

Ans: a. First premolar (Carranza 11th ed page-13)

Hint: Width of attached gingiva is greatest in the incisor region.

·         Maxilla (3.5-4.5mm)

·         Mandible (3.3-3.9mm)

·         Width of attached gingiva is least in the first premolar region

·         Maxilla-1.9mm

·         Mandible-1.8mm

 

16. Birkbeck’s granules are characteristic features of which cells of gingival epithelium?

a. Merkel’s cells                                                                           b. Melanocytes

c. Langhans cells                                                                          d. Langerhans cells

Ans: d. Langerhans cells(Carranza 11th ed page-17)

 

Hint: Langerhans cells are dendritic cells located among keratinocytes at all suprabasal levels. They contain elongated g-specific granules (Birkbeck’s granules).

 

 

17.Thickness of basement membrane is in the range

a. 100-200 Angstrom

b. 200-300 Angstrom

c.300-400 Angstrom

d.400-500 Angstrom

Ans:c300-400Angstrom(Carranza 11th ed page-17)

 

18. Which keratin polypeptides are present in junctional epithelium but absent in keratinised epithelium?

a.K4                                                                                                b.K5

c.K14                                                                                               d.K19

Ans: d.K19(Carranza 11th ed page-20)


19. The physiologic dimension of junctional epithelium and connective tissue attachment is termed as

a. Biologic band                                                                            b. Biologic length

c. Biologic width                                                                             d. Both b and c

Ans :c Biologic width

Hint: Average biologic width is 2.04mm



20.Dentogingival unit comprises

a. gingival fibres                                                                         b. Gingival fibres and junctional epithelium

c. Periodontal ligament and fibres                                          d. None

Ans: Gingival fibres and junctional epithelium(Carranza 11th ed page-20)

 

Hint: Gingival fibres and the junctional epithelium are together considered as the dentogingival unit.

 

 

 

21.Gingiva in children is

a. more keratinised and more stippled                            b. more keratinised, less stippled

c. Less keratinised, more stippled                                       d. Less keratinised, less stippled

Ans; d. Less keratinised, less stippled(Carranza 11th ed page-26)

 

Hint: Stippling in children appears at the age of 3-5 years and appears reddish due to lesser keratinisation and increased vascularity.



22.Gingiva is supplied by

a. Supraperiosteal vessels

b. Subperiosteal vessels

c. Apical vessels                                                                          

 d. All of the above

Ans: a Supraperiosteal vessels(Carranza 11th ed page-24)

 

23. Periodontal ligament has the shape of

a. Hourglass                                                                                b. triangular

c. Circular                                                                                      d. Rocket shaped

Ans: a. Hourglass

 

24.Periodontal ligament is widest at the

a. Alveolar crest                                                                        b. Apical region

c. Fulcrum of rotation                                                                 D. Midroot section

Ans: a. Alveolar crest

Hint: Periodontal ligament is widest at the cervical region, reverse to that of cementum which is widest at the apex.

 

 

25.Sharpey’s fibres are

a.  Collagen fibres                                                                b.  elastic fibres

c. Oxytalan fibres                                                                 d. All of the above

Ans: a. Collagen fibres(Carranza 11th ed page-28)

 

Hint: Collagen fibres in periodontal ligament are predominantly of Type I. Type IV is the constituent of basal lamina which has Chicken wire configuration.



26.Thickness of periodontal ligament varies between

a.0.1-0.25mm                                                                   b.1-2mm

c.2-3mm                                                                              d.2.5-3.5mm

Ans: a.0.1-0.25mm  (Carranza 11th ed page-28)

 

 

27.Distance between the base of sulcus and the alveolar crest in a healthy periodontium is

a.0.5-1mm                                                                             b.1-2mm

c.2-3mm                                                                                   d.3-4mm

Ans: b.1-2mm

Hint: The distance between the apical end of junctional epithelium and the crest of alveolus remains constant throughout the continuous tooth eruption(1.07mm)



28.Periodontal ligament is thin at

a. CEJ                                                                                          b. Apical region

c. Fulcrum of rotation                                                               d. Midroot section

Ans .C Fulcrum of rotation

Hint: Axis of rotation for single rooted tooth is at the junction of apical and middle third of root and for multiple rooted tooth it is in the bone between the roots at furcation.

 

 

29.Maximum resistance to occlusal forces is shown by which fibres

a. Transseptal fibres                                                                   b. Horizontal fibres

c. Oblique fibres                                                                          d. Apical fibres

Ans: c. Oblique fibres(Carranza 11th ed page-29)

 

Hint: These fibres resist forces along the long axis of tooth.

 

30. Cementum is

a. Vascular

b. Avascular

c. vascular in some parts and avascular in some

d. None

Ans: b Avascular(Carranza 11th ed page-33)

 Hint: Cementum is calcified avascular tissue



31.The main form of cementum found on the cervical third of the root

a. Acellular afibrillar cementum

b. Acellular extrinsic fibre cementum

c. Cellular mixed stratified cementum

d. Cellular intrinsic fiber cementum

Ans: b Acellular extrinsic fiber cementum(Carranza 11th ed page-34)

 

32.Cementum found in resorption lacunae

a. Acellular afibrillar cementum

b. Acellular extrinsic fiber cementum

c. Cellular mixed stratified cementum

d. Cellular intrinsic fiber cementum(Carranza 11th ed page-34)

 

Ans: d Cellular intrinsic fiber cementum

33.Cemental tears occur in

a. Deep bite

B. Clenching

c. Root planing

d. Trauma

 

Ans; d Trauma

 Hint: Cemental tears are fractured cemental fragments that occur due to sudden rotational forces.

 

 

34.Cementum is thickest at

a. Apical third                                                                 b. Coronal third

c. Furcation area                                                            d. Middle third

Ans: a Apical third

Hint: Cementum attains its greatest thickness at the apical third (up to 150-200microns) at the apical third.


35. Which of the following is not a cause of hypercementosis?

a. Paget's disease

b. periapical infection

c. missing antagonist

d. Scleroderma

Ans: d Scleroderma

 

36.Collagen fibers are absent in

a. acellular extrinsic fiber cementum

b. acellular afibrillar cementum

c. Mixed stratified cementum

d. Intermediate cementum

Ans: b. Acellular afibrillar cementum(Carranza 11th ed page-34)

 

37.Which fibers are consistent and constructed even after the destruction of the alveolar bone

a. Apical                                                                                                  b. Alveolar crest group

c. Oblique                                                                                                d. transseptal

Ans: d transseptal fibers(Carranza 11th ed page-29)

 Hint: Transseptal fibers are considered as both gingival and periodontal fibers that are not attached to alveolar bone.



38. The least stable periodontal tissue is

a. Gingiva

b. Periodontal ligament

c. Cementum

d. Alveolar bone

Ans: d Alveolar bone

 

39.Cribriform plate is formed due to

a. Vascular channels

b. Sharpey’s fibers

c. Collagen fibrils

d. Nerve fibrils

Ans: a Vascular channels

Hint: Alveolar bone proper being perforated by numerous vascular channels forms Cribiform plate.

 

40.Alveolar bone is

a. Compact bone                                                                              b. Cancellous bone

c. Spongy bone                                                                                    d. None of the above

Ans: a Compact bone(Carranza 11th ed page-38)

 Hint: Alveolar process consists of external plate of compact bone and Inner socket wall of compact bone called as alveolar bone proper. Cancellous or spongy trabecular bone between these two. So it is predominantly compact bone.

 


41.Type of bone present in interradicular area is predominantly

a. Cortical                                                                                       b. Cancellous

c. osteophytic                                                                                 d. None of the above

Ans: b. Cancellous bone(Carranza 11th ed page-38)

Hint: Cancellous bone is found predominantly in interradicular and interdental areas.

 

 

42.Dehiscence is

a. A vertical defect of alveolar bone

b. Influences progression of disease

c. Is common in anterior teeth with prominent roots

d. All of the above

Ans: a A vertical defect in alveolar bone(Carranza 11th ed page-42)

 

Hint: Fenestration are window -like defects which do not involve the alveolar bone.

 

 

43.Dehiscence occur more frequently on

a. labial side

b. lingual side

c. mesial side

d. distal side

Ans: a Labial side(Carranza 11th ed page-42)

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