All the questions have been directly picked from Carranza 11th edition
1.Which of the following does not serve as an endogenous nutrient source for plaque microorganisms in deep periodontal pockets?
a. Saliva
b. Sulcular fluid
c. Degenerating epithelial cells
d. Other microorganisms
Ans: a Saliva
2.Hard deposits found on tooth and appliances in an uncleaned mouth is called as
a. Plaque b. Calculus
c. Materia alba d. None
Ans: b Calculus
3.Inorganic component of calculus is closest to
a. Enamel b. Dentin
c. Cementum d. Bone
Ans: B Dentin
Calculus has approximately 75 to 85 % inorganic content which is closest to dentin (65%) compared to enamel (96%) and cementum (55%).
4.Calculus causing bacteria is
a. Wollinella b. Veillonella
c. Eikenella d. Prevotella
Ans. b. Veillonella
Bacterionema and Veillonella have the ability to form intracellular apatite crystals.
5. Crystalline form of calcium phosphate found in highest concentration in supragingival plaque is
a. brushite and hydroxyapatite b. Hydroxyapatite and whitelockite
c. Hydroxyapatite and brushite d. hydroxyapatite and octacalcium phosphate
Ans: d hydroxyapatite and octacalcium phosphate
Hydroxyapatite and magnesium whitelockite are common in subgingival calculus.
6. In periodontal disease, calculus is considered as
a. contributing factor b. primary factor
c. Aetiological factor d. Governing factor
Ans; A Contributing factor
Calculus doesn’t directly irritate to gingiva, it provides fixed nidus for continued accumulation of plaque.
7. Mineralisation inhibitors of calculus formation are all except
a. triclosan b. Pyrophosphate
c. Zinc salt d. Diphosphate
Ans: d Diphosphate
8.Brushite crystal forms of calculus are more common in
a. Maxillary anterior b. Maxillary posterior
c. Mandibular anterior d. Mandibular posterior
Ans: c Mandibular anterior
Brushite is more common in mandibular anterior whereas Magnesium whitelockite is common in mandibular posterior region.
9.Inorganic content of calculus has maximum of
a. CaPO4 b. CaCl2
c.CaSO4 d. CaCO3
Ans: aCaPO4
10. Subgingival calculus is found in maximum amount at
a. Lower anterior region b. Lower bicuspid region
c. Lower molar region d. Upper molar region
Ans: a Lower anterior region
Supragingival calculus is highest in upper molar region.
11. Difference in colour of supragingival and subgingival calculus is related to
a. pH of saliva b. Death of leukocytes
c. Haemolysis of erythrocytes d. All of the above
Ans: c Haemolysis of erythrocytes
Subgingival calculus is dark green or dark brown in colour.
12. Subgingival calculus is usually
a. Found as a bridge like structure over the interdental papilla of the adjacent teeth
b. Hard with a clay like consistency, easily detached from the tooth surface
c. Hard and dense and firmly attached to the tooth surface
d. Derived for saliva
Ans: c Hard and dense and firmly attached to tooth surface
Subgingival calculus is harder, thinner and more closely adapted to tooth making it difficult to remove
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